NISYA ♥ ONIGIRI and LOLIPOP!! おにぎりわ 大好き! :D
You are at lolitalovelolipop.blogspot.com
Kamis, 17 Juli 2008
♥ http://www.uebersetzung.at/twister/index.htm

♥ http://www.indianchild.com/tongue_twisters.htm (foR childreN)

siLaHkaN membelIt lidaaaH!!!!

let's twisT uR tongue!!!

03.21 ; おにぎり'
1

Kuku kaki kakak kakak ku kayak kuku kaki kakek kakek ku.

2

Buaya, biawak, buaian,
Buaya, biawak, buaian,
Buaya, biawak, buaian, ...

3

Dudung, ambilkan dandang di dinding dong, Dung!

4

Jangan coba-coba cium cucu-cucuku kalau cuma mau cium cucu-cucuku cuma-cuma.

5

Partai-partai perempuan berpertemuan di dekat perempatan Prembun.

6

Rika tarik-tarik rok Rina dan Rina tarik-tarik rok Rika. Rok Rika robek-robek dan rusak dan Rok Rina rusak-rusak dan robek.

7

Santapan kita setiap jam setengah satu siang satu soto sapi sama seratus tusuk sate sapi pula.

8

Saya sebal sama situ sebab situ suka senyum-senyum sama suami saya sehingga suami saya suka senyum-senyum sendiri saja.

9

Sempat-sempatnya semut-semut itu saling senyum-senyum dan salam-salaman sama semut-semut yang mau senyum-senyum dan salam-salaman sama semut-semut itu.

10

Tiba-tiba, Si Botak batuk-batuk di atas batu bata.

11

Toko-toko di kota kita tutup ketika kita tetap buka toko kita.

12

kakaktua kakak kakekku kenal kakaktua kakak kakekmu

13

Anjing bawa paku,
anjing bawa paku,
anjing bawa paku

14

Satu ribu, dua biru, tiga ribu, empat biru, lima ribu, enam biru, tujuh ribu, delapan biru, sembilan ribu, sepuluh biru, ... (terus sebanyak-banyaknya)

15

Kepala, kelapa, kepala, kelapa, kepala, kelapa, ...

16

Harta Harto, Harta Harto, Harta Harto, ......

17

Keledai makan kedelai di kedai.

18

Ular lari lurus.

19

Ular melingkar di pagar.

20

Kutuku butuh tubuhku, tapi tubuhku tak butuh kutuku.

By Ray Weisling

21

Engkau ulung guling ulang ulas suling.

by Ray Weisling

22

Kuku kaki kakekku kaku.

23

Kuku kaki kakek koki kakakku agak kaku.

By Ray Weisling

24

Saya suka sama suami situ sebab suami situ suka senyum-senyum sama saya.

25

Pelopor tua pula bakal lapar apabila lupa bawa buah pala.

by Ray Weisling

26

Katak tergeletak di dalam kotak.

27

satu sate tujuh tusuk, satu sate tujuh tusuk, ... (sebanyak-banyaknya)

28

kuku kaki kakak kakek kiki kaku-kaku

Translation ?

29

ular melingkar-lingkar di pinggir pagar

30

kucing kuningku kencing di kunci-kunciku

31

Bang Anang, lagi ngapain Bang Ngarbi berangkat ke Nganjuk, ngomel-ngomel ngkali!

32

kuaci, kacang, kecoa, kuaci, kacang, kecoa, ...

33

Kuku kaki kakakku kaku kena paku.

34

Kuku kaki koki kakak kakekku kok kaku-kaku, kak?

35

kucing kuning kencing, kucing kuning kencing, ... (diulang cepat)

36

tongkat kontak tongkol, tongkat kontak tongkol, ...(diulang cepat)

37

kecoa kuaci cakueh, kecoa kuaci cakueh, kecoa kuaci cakueh, ... (diulang cepat)

P.S: kebanyaKan huruf depannya 'K' deh..

Label: ,


03.17 ; おにぎり'
1.Kaeru pyoko-pyoko
mi pyoko-pyoko
awasete pyoko-pyoko mu pyoko-pyoko.

2.Bózu ga byóbu ni józu ni bózu no é o kaita.

3.Hyoko pyoko pyoko mi pyoko pyoko
Awasete pyoko pyoko mu pyoko pyoko.

4.Kono Take o Kono Takegaki ni Tatekaketa no wa,
Take o Tatekaketakattakara Tatekaketa no desu.

5.Kono ko ni tokonatsu no kokonatsu kokonotsu,
ano ko nimo tokonatsu no kokonatsu kokonotsu.

6.Torawo torunara torawo toru yori toriwo tore, toriwa otorini torawo tore.

7.Kono ko ni tokonatsu no kokonatsu kokonotsu,
ano ko nimo tokonatsu no kokonatsu kokonotsu.

8.Oyagame no ue ni kogame, kogame no ue ni magogame.

9.Kono kugi wa hiki nuki nikui kugi da.

10.Tokyo tokkyo kyoka-kyoku kyou kyuukyo kyoka kyakka.

Transletannya:
(sorri cMa tersedia yang englishnya.. kaLo maw aRtiin ke indonesia, aRtiin ndiriii!!)

1.
Take two sets of three frog croaks add them together and they make six frog croaks
2.
The monk drew a good picture of another monk on the folding screen.
3.
Take two sets of three chicken cackles add them together and they make six chicken cackles.
4.
The reason I have leaned this bamboo aginst this bamboo fence is that I just wanted to lean a bamboo aginst it!
5.
I give nine coconuts from a tropical island to this child, and I give nine coconuts from a tropical island to that child, too.
6.
Instead of catching the tiger, catch a bird, and use the bird as a bait to catch the tiger.
7.
Nine ever-lasting summer coconuts for this child, nine ever-lasting summer coconuts for that child, too.
8.
On the parent turtle is the child turtle, on the child turtle is the grandchild turtle.
9.
This nail is hard to pull out!
10.
The Tokyo patent office hurriedly rejected the permission today.

Label: ,


03.10 ; おにぎり'
Six sick slick slim sycamore saplings.


A box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits


A skunk sat on a stump and thunk the stump stunk,
but the stump thunk the skunk stunk.


Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
Did Peter Piper pick a peck of pickled peppers?
If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,
where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?


Red lorry, yellow lorry, red lorry, yellow lorry.


Unique New York.


Betty Botter had some butter,
"But," she said, "this butter's bitter.
If I bake this bitter butter,
it would make my batter bitter.
But a bit of better butter--
that would make my batter better."

So she bought a bit of butter,
better than her bitter butter,
and she baked it in her batter,
and the batter was not bitter.
So 'twas better Betty Botter
bought a bit of better butter.


Six thick thistle sticks. Six thick thistles stick.


Is this your sister's sixth zither, sir?


A big black bug bit a big black bear,
made the big black bear bleed blood.


The sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick.


Toy boat. Toy boat. Toy boat.


One smart fellow, he felt smart.
Two smart fellows, they felt smart.
Three smart fellows, they all felt smart.


Pope Sixtus VI's six texts.


I slit the sheet, the sheet I slit, and on the slitted sheet I sit.


She sells sea shells by the sea shore.
The shells she sells are surely seashells.
So if she sells shells on the seashore,
I'm sure she sells seashore shells.


Mrs. Smith's Fish Sauce Shop.


"Surely Sylvia swims!" shrieked Sammy, surprised.
"Someone should show Sylvia some strokes so she shall not sink."


A Tudor who tooted a flute
tried to tutor two tooters to toot.
Said the two to their tutor,
"Is it harder to toot
or to tutor two tooters to toot?"


Shy Shelly says she shall sew sheets.


Three free throws.


I am not the pheasant plucker,
I'm the pheasant plucker's mate.
I am only plucking pheasants
'cause the pheasant plucker's running late.


Sam's shop stocks short spotted socks.


A flea and a fly flew up in a flue.
Said the flea, "Let us fly!"
Said the fly, "Let us flee!"
So they flew through a flaw in the flue.


Knapsack straps.


Which wristwatches are Swiss wristwatches?


Lesser leather never weathered wetter weather better.


A bitter biting bittern
Bit a better brother bittern,
And the bitter better bittern
Bit the bitter biter back.
And the bitter bittern, bitten,
By the better bitten bittern,
Said: "I'm a bitter biter bit, alack!"


Inchworms itching.


A noisy noise annoys an oyster.


The myth of Miss Muffet.


Mr. See owned a saw.
And Mr. Soar owned a seesaw.
Now See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw
Before Soar saw See,
Which made Soar sore.
Had Soar seen See's saw
Before See sawed Soar's seesaw,
See's saw would not have sawed
Soar's seesaw.
So See's saw sawed Soar's seesaw.
But it was sad to see Soar so sore
Just because See's saw sawed
Soar's seesaw!


Friendly Frank flips fine flapjacks.


Vincent vowed vengeance very vehemently.


Cheap ship trip.


I cannot bear to see a bear
Bear down upon a hare.
When bare of hair he strips the hare,
Right there I cry, "Forbear!"


Lovely lemon liniment.


Gertie's great-grandma grew aghast at Gertie's grammar.


Tim, the thin twin tinsmith


Fat frogs flying past fast.


I need not your needles, they're needless to me;
For kneading of noodles, 'twere needless, you see;
But did my neat knickers but need to be kneed,
I then should have need of your needles indeed.


Flee from fog to fight flu fast!


Greek grapes.


The boot black bought the black boot back.


How much wood would a woodchuck chuck
if a woodchuck could chuck wood?
He would chuck, he would, as much as he could,
and chuck as much wood as a woodchuck would
if a woodchuck could chuck wood.


We surely shall see the sun shine soon.


Moose noshing much mush.


Ruby Rugby's brother bought and brought her
back some rubber baby-buggy bumpers.


Sly Sam slurps Sally's soup.


My dame hath a lame tame crane,
My dame hath a crane that is lame.


Six short slow shepherds.


A tree toad loved a she-toad
Who lived up in a tree.
He was a two-toed tree toad
But a three-toed toad was she.
The two-toed tree toad tried to win
The three-toed she-toad's heart,
For the two-toed tree toad loved the ground
That the three-toed tree toad trod.
But the two-toed tree toad tried in vain.
He couldn't please her whim.
From her tree toad bower
With her three-toed power
The she-toad vetoed him.

Which witch wished which wicked wish?


Old oily Ollie oils old oily autos.


The two-twenty-two train tore through the tunnel.


Silly Sally swiftly shooed seven silly sheep.
The seven silly sheep Silly Sally shooed
shilly-shallied south.
These sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack;
sheep should sleep in a shed.


Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs.


Three gray geese in the green grass grazing.
Gray were the geese and green was the grass.


Many an anemone sees an enemy anemone.


Nine nice night nurses nursing nicely.


Peggy Babcock.


You've no need to light a night-light
On a light night like tonight,
For a night-light's light's a slight light,
And tonight's a night that's light.
When a night's light, like tonight's light,
It is really not quite right
To light night-lights with their slight lights
On a light night like tonight.


Black bug's blood.


Flash message!


Say this sharply, say this sweetly,
Say this shortly, say this softly.
Say this sixteen times in succession.


Six sticky sucker sticks.


If Stu chews shoes, should Stu
choose the shoes he chews?


Crisp crusts crackle crunchily.


Give papa a cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup.


Six sharp smart sharks.


What a shame such a shapely sash
should such shabby stitches show.


Sure the ship's shipshape, sir.


Betty better butter Brad's bread.


Of all the felt I ever felt,
I never felt a piece of felt
which felt as fine as that felt felt,
when first I felt that felt hat's felt.


Sixish.


Don't pamper damp scamp tramps that camp under ramp lamps.


Swan swam over the sea,
Swim, swan, swim!
Swan swam back again
Well swum, swan!


Six shimmering sharks sharply striking shins.


I thought a thought.
But the thought I thought wasn't the thought
I thought I thought.


Brad's big black bath brush broke.


Thieves seize skis.


Chop shops stock chops.


Sarah saw a shot-silk sash shop full of shot-silk sashes
as the sunshine shone on the side of the shot-silk sash shop.


Strict strong stringy Stephen Stretch
slickly snared six sickly silky snakes.


Susan shineth shoes and socks;
socks and shoes shines Susan.
She ceased shining shoes and socks,
for shoes and socks shock Susan.


Truly rural.


The blue bluebird blinks.


Betty and Bob brought back blue balloons from the big bazaar.


When a twister a-twisting will twist him a twist,
For the twisting of his twist, he three twines doth intwist;
But if one of the twines of the twist do untwist,
The twine that untwisteth untwisteth the twist.

Untwirling the twine that untwisteth between,
He twirls, with his twister, the two in a twine;
Then twice having twisted the twines of the twine,
He twitcheth the twice he had twined in twain.

The twain that in twining before in the twine,
As twines were intwisted he now doth untwine;
Twist the twain inter-twisting a twine more between,
He, twirling his twister, makes a twist of the twine.


The Leith police dismisseth us.


The seething seas ceaseth
and twiceth the seething seas sufficeth us.


If one doctor doctors another doctor, does the doctor
who doctors the doctor doctor the doctor the way the
doctor he is doctoring doctors? Or does he doctor
the doctor the way the doctor who doctors doctors?


Two Truckee truckers truculently truckling
to have truck to truck two trucks of truck.


Plague-bearing prairie dogs.


Ed had edited it.


She sifted thistles through her thistle-sifter.


Give me the gift of a grip top sock:
a drip-drape, ship-shape, tip-top sock.


While we were walking, we were watching window washers
wash Washington's windows with warm washing water.


Freshly fried fresh flesh.


Pacific Lithograph.


Six twin screwed steel steam cruisers.


The crow flew over the river
with a lump of raw liver.


Preshrunk silk shirts


A bloke's back bike brake block broke.


A pleasant place to place a plaice is a place
where a plaice is pleased to be placed.


I correctly recollect Rebecca MacGregor's reckoning.


Good blood, bad blood.


Quick kiss. Quicker kiss.


I saw Esau kissing Kate. I saw Esau,
he saw me, and she saw I saw Esau.


Cedar shingles should be shaved and saved.


Lily ladles little Letty's lentil soup.


Amidst the mists and coldest frosts,
with stoutest wrists and loudest boasts,
he thrusts his fist against the posts
and still insists he sees the ghosts.


Shelter for six sick scenic sightseers.


Listen to the local yokel yodel.


Give Mr. Snipa's wife's knife a swipe.


Whereat with blade,
with bloody, blameful blade,
he bravely broached his boiling bloody breast.


Are our oars oak?


Can you imagine an imaginary menagerie manager
imagining managing an imaginary menagerie?


A lusty lady loved a lawyer
and longed to lure him from his laboratory.


The epitome of femininity.


She stood on the balcony
inexplicably mimicing him hiccupping,
and amicably welcoming him home.


Kris Kringle carefully crunched on candy canes.


Please pay promptly.


On mules we find two legs behind
and two we find before.
We stand behind before we find
what those behind be for.


What time does the wristwatch strap shop shut?


One-One was a racehorse.
Two-Two was one, too.
When One-One won one race,
Two-Two won one, too.


Girl gargoyle, guy gargoyle.


Pick a partner and practice passing,
for if you pass proficiently,
perhaps you'll play professionally.


Once upon a barren moor
There dwelt a bear, also a boar.
The bear could not bear the boar.
The boar thought the bear a bore.
At last the bear could bear no more
Of that boar that bored him on the moor,
And so one morn he bored the boar--
That boar will bore the bear no more.


If a Hottentot taught a Hottentot tot
To talk ere the tot could totter,
Ought the Hottenton tot
Be taught to say aught, or naught,
Or what ought to be taught her?
If to hoot and to toot a Hottentot tot
Be taught by her Hottentot tutor,
Ought the tutor get hot
If the Hottentot tot
Hoot and toot at her Hottentot tutor?


Will you, William?


Mix, Miss Mix!


Who washed Washington's white woolen underwear
when Washington's washer woman went west?


Two toads, totally tired.


Freshly-fried flying fish.


The sawingest saw I ever saw saw
was the saw I saw saw in Arkansas.


Just think, that sphinx has a sphincter that stinks!


Strange strategic statistics.


Sarah sitting in her Chevrolet,
All she does is sits and shifts,
All she does is sits and shifts.


Hi-Tech Traveling Tractor Trailor Truck Tracker


Ned Nott was shot
and Sam Shott was not.
So it is better to be Shott
than Nott.
Some say Nott
was not shot.
But Shott says
he shot Nott.
Either the shot Shott shot at Nott
was not shot,
or
Nott was shot.
If the shot Shott shot shot Nott,
Nott was shot.
But if the shot Shott shot shot Shott,
then Shott was shot,
not Nott.
However,
the shot Shott shot shot not Shott --
but Nott.


Six slippery snails, slid slowly seaward.


Three twigs twined tightly.


There was a young fisher named Fischer
Who fished for a fish in a fissure.
The fish with a grin,
Pulled the fisherman in;
Now they're fishing the fissure for Fischer.


Pretty Kitty Creighton had a cotton batten cat.
The cotton batten cat was bitten by a rat.
The kitten that was bitten had a button for an eye,
And biting off the button made the cotton batten fly.


Suddenly swerving, seven small swans
Swam silently southward,
Seeing six swift sailboats
Sailing sedately seaward.


The ochre ogre ogled the poker.


If you stick a stock of liquor in your locker,
It's slick to stick a lock upon your stock,
Or some stickler who is slicker
Will stick you of your liquor
If you fail to lock your liquor
With a lock!


Shredded Swiss chesse.


The soldiers shouldered shooters on their shoulders.


Theophiles Thistle, the successful thistle-sifter,
in sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,
thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb.

Now.....if Theophiles Thistle, the successful thistle-sifter,
in sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,
thrust three thousand thistles through the thick of his thumb,
see that thou, in sifting a sieve full of un-sifted thistles,
thrust not three thousand thistles through the thick of thy thumb.

Success to the successful thistle-sifter!


Thank the other three brothers of their father's mother's brother's side.


They both, though, have thirty-three thick thimbles to thaw.


Irish wristwatch.


Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread.


Cows graze in groves on grass which grows in grooves in groves.


Brisk brave brigadiers brandished broad bright blades,
blunderbusses, and bludgeons -- balancing them badly.


Tragedy strategy.


Selfish shellfish.


They have left the thriftshop, and lost both their theatre tickets and the
volume of valuable licenses and coupons for free theatrical frills and thrills.


These are in Dutch

Ik zag de zon zakken in de Zuiderzee.


Hoor de kleine klompjes klepperen op de klinkers.


To en Tom aten tomaten; To at en Tom vrat.


Soldatententententoonstelling.


These are in French and might show up incorrectly on your browser.

Un chasseur sachant chasser chassait sans son chien de chasse.

Label:


03.06 ; おにぎり'
Blossom!
Commander and their leader
Bubbles!
She is the joy and the Laughter
Buttercup!
And she's the toughest fighter
Power Puffs save the day!

Fighting crime
Trying to save the world
Here they come - just in time
The Power Puff Girls

Fighting crime
Trying to save the world
Here they come - just in time
The Power Puff Girls
Power Puff!

Label: ,


01.55 ; おにぎり'
gyahahaahahaha....
kisah ni datang dari temend aq yang dungu (muuph din)...
Jambi, 17 juli 2008 istirahat di kantin paK do, anak-anak XI I.A 1 (cieee) pada lagi ngumpuL dan berteriak-teriak meminta jataH makanan yang udah dipesannya.
belagak jadi senior, satu ruangan ntu kami kuasaain sendiri trus heboh" sendiri..
gara-gara rame, setiap orang musti teriak" buat pesanan masing-masing..
nah temend aq yang namanya rudini niyh dari tadi udah dapet mi rebus tapi dia bilang gak ada telornya, makanya, di tengah-tengah  lautan anak-anak kelaparan rudini berteriak
"teloR!! telornya kurang! Pak dooooooooooooooo!!!!"
pokoknya dia nunggu terus sampe qta" semua udah pada abis makanannya dan istirahat udah mw selese.
mie-nya dya kagaK disentuh"...
akhirnya dia kesel, dan akhirnya dengan teriakan terakhirnya dia mencoba mencari keadilan atas telor rebushnya..
"Pak dOooooooooo!!!!!!!! teloRrrrrrrrrr!!"
datanglah anak buah si pakdo..
"telornya mana?" tanya rudini dengan kesel.. orang pak do itu hanya bingung dan menjawab,
"kan ada di dalam mie-nya. dari tadi udah dibilang juga"
dengan kaget si udini ngudak-ngudak isi mie rebushnya dan ternyata telor yang selama berbelasan menit dia tunggu udah ngumpet di bwah mie-nya nunggu buat ditemuin.
dengan muka kayak pantat monyet udin disorakin sama kami semua, termasuk ade' kLas...
"padahal maunya dya tuh tadi berLagak di depan ade' kLas kali ya? tapi taunya malu ndiri.."

gyahahaha...
emang gak lucu kalo cuma ditulis bukan dilihat langsung kejadiannya...
tapi cukup menghibur kami kok..

P.S: rudi laen kali yang lebih gila ngapa?
"tribute to rudini si ongki"

Label: ,


00.42 ; おにぎり'
Rabu, 16 Juli 2008
kok bisa yamapi vutu beduaan dengan cewek jeleg gak pke baju lengkap pula?
gyaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa!!!!!!!!!!!!
nightmare!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Label:


09.38 ; おにぎり'
soalNya abis nonton 'Ichi Ritoru no Namida'-nya ryo nishikido..
hix..hix..

Label:


08.52 ; おにぎり'
Symptoms

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is one of a group of genetic disorders characterized by slowly progressive incoordination of gait and often associated with poor coordination of hands, speech, and eye movements. Frequently, atrophy of the cerebellum occurs. [1]

As with other forms of ataxia, SCA results in unsteady and clumsy motion of the body due to a failure of the fine coordination of muscle movements, along with other symptoms.

The symptoms of the condition vary with the specific type (there are several), and with the individual patient. Generally, a person with ataxia retains full mental capacity but may progressively lose physical control.


Treatment and prognosis

There is no known cure for spinocerebellar ataxia, which is a progressive disease (it gets worse with time), although not all types cause equally severe disability.

Treatments are generally limited to softening symptoms, not the disease itself. The condition can be irreversible. A person with this disease will usually end up needing to use a wheelchair, and eventually they may need assistance to perform daily tasks.

The treatment of incoordination or ataxia, then mostly involves the use of adaptive devices to allow the ataxia individual to maintain as much independence as possible. Such devices may include a cane, crutches, walker, or wheelchair for those with impaired gait; devices to assist with writing, feeding, and self care if hand and arm coordination are impaired; and communication devices for those with impaired speech.

Many patients with hereditary or idiopathic forms of ataxia have other symptoms in addition to ataxia. Medications or other therapies might be appropriate for some of these symptoms, which could include tremor, stiffness, depression, spasticity, and sleep disorders, among others.

Both onset of initial symptoms and duration of disease can be subject to variation. If the disease is caused by a polyglutamine trinucleotide repeat CAG expansion, a longer expansion may lead to an earlier onset and a more radical progression of clinical symptoms.


Diagnosis

It can be easily misdiagnosed as another neurological condition, such as multiple sclerosis (MS).

One means of identifying the disease is with an MRI to view the brain. Once the disease has progressed sufficiently, the cerebellum (a part of the brain) can be seen to have visibly shrunk. The most precise means of identifying SCA, including the specific type, is through DNA analysis. Some, but far from all, types of SCA may be inherited, so a DNA test may be done on the children of a sufferer, to see if they are at risk of developing the condition.

SCA is related to olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA); SCA types 1, 2, and 7 are also types of OPCA. However, not all types of OPCA are types of SCA, and vice versa. This overlapping classification system is both confusing and controversial to some in this field.


Types

The following is a list of some, not all, types of Spinocerebellar ataxia. The first ataxia gene was identified in 1993 for a dominantly inherited type. It was called “Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1" (SCA1). Subsequently, as additional dominant genes were found they were called SCA2, SCA3, etc. Usually, the "type" number of "SCA" refers to the order in which the gene was found. At this time, there are at least 29 different gene mutations which have been found (not all listed).

Identifying the different types of SCA now requires knowledge of the normal genetic code, and faults in this code, which are contained in a person's DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid). The "CAG" mentioned below is one of many three-letter sequences that makes up the genetic code, this specific one coding the amino acid glutamine. Thus, those ataxias with poly CAG expansions, along with several other neurodegenerative diseases resulting from a poly CAG expansion, are referred to as polyglutamine diseases.SCA Type Average Onset
(Range in Years) Average Duration
(Range in Years) What the patient experiences Common origin Problems
with DNA
SCA1[2] (ATXN1) 4th decade
(<10>60) 15 years
(10-28) Hypermetric saccades, slow saccades, upper motor neuron
(note: saccades relates to eye movement) CAG repeat, 6p (Ataxin 1)
SCA2[3] (ATXN2) 3rd - 4th decade
(<10>60) 10 years
(1-30) Diminished velocity saccades
areflexia (absence of neurologic reflexes) Cuba CAG repeat, 12q
SCA3[4] (MJD) (ATXN3) 4th decade
(10-70) 10 years
(1-20) Also called Machado-Joseph disease (MJD)[5]
Gaze-evoked nystagmus (a rapid, involuntary, oscillatory motion of the eyeball)
upper motor neuron
slow saccades Azores
(Portugal) CAG repeat, 14q
SCA4 (PLEKHG4) 4th - 7th decade
(19-72) Decades areflexia (absence of neurologic reflexes) Chromosome 16q
SCA5 (SPTBN2) 3rd - 4th decade
(10-68) >25 years Pure cerebellar Chromosome 11
SCA6[6] (CACNA1A) 5th - 6th decade
(19-71) >25 years Downbeating nystagmus, positional vertigo
Symptoms can appear for the first time as late as 65 years old. CAG repeat, 19p
Calcium channel gene
SCA7[7] (ATXN7) 3rd - 4th decade
(0.5 - 60) 20 years
(1-45; early onset correlates with shorter duration) Macular degeneration, upper motor neuron, slow saccades CAG repeat, 3p (Ataxin 7)
SCA8[8] (IOSCA) 39 yrs
(18-65) Normal lifespan Horizontal nystagmus (a rapid, involuntary, oscillatory motion of the eyeball) CTG repeat, 13q
SCA10[9] (ATXN10) 36 years 9 years ataxia, seizures Mexico Chromosome 22q linked
pentanucleotide repeat
SCA11 30 yrs
(15-70) Normal lifespan Mild, remain ambulatory (able to walk about on one's own) 15q
SCA12[10] (PPP2R2B) 33 yrs
(8-55) Head and hand tremor,
akinesia (loss of normal motor function, resulting in impaired muscle movement) CAG repeat, 5q
SCA13 Childhood or adulthood depending on mutation Depending on KCNC3 (a kind of gene) Mental retardation 19q
SCA14[11] (PRKCG) 28 yrs
(12-42) Decades
(1-30) Myoclonus (a sudden twitching of muscles or parts of muscles, without any rhythm or pattern, occurring in various brain disorders) 19q
SCA16 39 yrs
(20-66) 1-40 years Head and hand tremor 8q
SCA17 (TBP) CAG repeat, 6q (TATA-binding protein)
SCA19, SCA22 Mild cerebellar syndrome, dysarthria
SCA25 1.5-39 yrs Unknown ataxia with sensory neuropathy, vomiting and gastrointestinal pain. 2p


Others include SCA18, SCA20, SCA21, SCA23, SCA26, SCA28, and SCA29.

Four X-linked types have been described (302500, 302600, 301790, 301840), but only the first of these has so far been tied to a gene (SCAX1).


Inheritance

The hereditary ataxias are categorized by mode of inheritance and causative gene or chromosomal locus. The hereditary ataxias can be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner.
Numerous types of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias are now known for which specific genetic information is available. Synonyms for autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) used prior to the current understanding of the molecular genetics were Marie's ataxia, inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy, cerebello-olivary atrophy, or the more generic term "spinocerebellar degeneration." (Spinocerebellar degeneration is a rare inherited neurological disorder of the central nervous system characterized by the slow degeneration of certain areas of the brain. There are three forms of spinocerebellar degeneration: Types 1, 2, 3. Symptoms begin during adulthood.)
There are five typical autosomal recessive disorders in which ataxia is a prominent feature: Friedreich ataxia, ataxia-telangiectasia, ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA), spastic ataxia. Disorder Subdivisions: Friedreich's ataxia, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Ataxia telangiectasia, Vasomotor ataxia, Vestibulocerebellar, Ataxiadynamia, Ataxiophemia, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

There are numerous types of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias

There are five typical autosomal recessive disorders in which ataxia is a prominent feature


Notable cases

Sufferers from the disease include:
Glyn Worsnip (2 September 1938 - 7 June 1996), British television presenter.
Aya Kitō (19 July 1962 - 23 May 1988), a Japanese girl who wrote a diary about her experience with the disease. Her diary, titled '1 Litre of Tears' was published after her death and adopted into a television drama of the 1 Litre no Namida and the film A Litre of Tears.
The Ulas family featured in the 2006 BBC and NOVA documentary, The Family That Walks On All Fours have nonprogressive congential cerebellar ataxia that led them to walk with a quadrupedal gait.

08.49 ; おにぎり'
Istilah Ataxia berasal dari bahasa Yunani, artinya kegagalan mengerjakan segala sesuatu sesuai urutan. Gerakan dari tubuh dan anggota gerak tidak stabil, canggung karena hilangnya koordinasi semua otot-otot tubuh merupakan gejala-gejala penyakit tersebut.

International Ataxia Awareness Day diperingati tanggal 25 September tiap tahunnya, dan tahun 2008 ini merupakan peringatan yang ke-9. Penyakit atau kelainan ini bisa didiagnosa dan diobati oleh seorang dokter ahli penyakit syaraf.

Gejala dan tanda ataxia meliputi gangguan cara berjalan, berbicara tidak jelas, meletup-letup atau gagap, penglihatan kabur, karena adanya nystagmus (gerakan ulang alik bola mata di luar kemauan), kehilangan koordinasi, dan tremor (gemetaran) pada saat melakukan gerakan. Hal ini terjadi, karena adanya gangguan pada cerebellum (otak kecil) dan jaras-jaras syaraf yang menuju maupun berasal daripadanya, seperti spinocerebellar pathway dan fronto-pontocerebellar pathway yang berasal dari otak bagian depan.

Gejala yang diperlihatkan oleh pasien membantu dokter untuk menggali kemungkinan diagnosis. Bila gejala Ataxia terjadi secara gradual, progresif dan meliputi kedua sisi tubuh secara simetris, mengisyaratkan kemungkinan penyebab metabolik, biokimia, proses imun, atau penyebab toksik (racun).

Sebaliknya, apabila hanya pada salah satu sisi tubuh, setempat, disertai nyeri kepala, penurunan kesadaran, parese syaraf otak dan kelemahan salah satu sisi anggota gerak, mengarahkan kemungkinan adanya proses desak pada otak kecil, bisa oleh tumor, perdarahan, abses, dan lainnya.

Ataxia Simetris

Ataxia progresif dan simetris di kedua sisi tubuh, menurut waktu terjadinya dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai berikut: akut (terjadi dalam beberapa jam atau beberapa hari), sub akut (dalam hitungan minggu hingga bulan), kronis (bulan hingga tahun). Ataxia yang terjadi secara akut dan biasanya dapat sembuh normal kembali meliputi ataxia yang disebabkan oleh keracunan alkohol, phenytoin, lithium, barbiturate dan obat-obat lainnya.

Beberapa obat-obat anti kanker (kemoterapi) dapat juga menyebabkan Ataxia.

Di samping itu, syndroma post-infeksi virus khususnya setelah varicella (cacar air) bisa menunjukkan gejala ataxia yang reversibel (dapat sembuh kembali).

Infeksi virus lainnya yang kadang bisa menyebabkan Ataxia ialah, poliovirus, coxsackievirus, echovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, toxoplasmosis, Legionella, dan Lyme disease. Ataxia sub akut, di mana berkembangnya terjadi dalam beberapa minggu hingga bulan karena terjadi proses degenerasi pada vermis cerebelli, yaitu bagian tengah dari otak kecil, bisa karena ketergantungan alkohol yang sudah lama disertai dengan malnutrisi, terutama kekurangan vitamin B1 dan B12 atau pun kekurangan kadar natrium dalam tubuh.

Paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia adalah ataxia yang disebabkan oleh adanya kanker (atau antibodi yang dihasilkannya), seperti kanker payudara, indung telur, paru-paru dan hodgkin disease (kanker kelenjar getah bening). Ataxia kronis biasanya merupakan jenis ataxia yang diturunkan, namun bisa juga disebabkan oleh kelainan metabolisme, atau adanya infeksi kronis seperti syphilis pada pembuluh darah selaput otak (meningovascular syphilis), tabes dorsalis (adalah infeksi syphilis yang menyebabkan degenerasi pada posterior columns dan spinocerebellar pathway - keduanya adalah jaras syaraf yang ada pada sumsum tulang belakang).

Pemeriksaan fungsi kelenjar gondok harus dikerjakan secara rutin pada pasien ataxia, karena hypothyroidism (kekurangan hormon gondok) merupakan salah satu penyebab ataxia yang dapat diobati dan dapat sembuh total. Ataxia fokal (hanya terjadi pada salah satu bagian tubuh) dan terjadinya akut (mendadak) biasanya disebabkan oleh penyakit sebrovaskular seperti infark otak, atau perdarahan otak kecil.

Gejala yang menyertainya adalah penurunan kesadaran, parese syaraf otak ke-6 dan 7, dan gejala peningkatan tekanan otak. Penyebab lain ialah abses otak (semacam bisul di otak, karena infeksi bakteri) dan tumor primer maupun metastase (penyebaran) tumor ke otak kecil.

Pemeriksaan CT scan dan MRI kepala sangat membantu menegakkan diagnosis.

Salah satu penyebab kronis Ataxia Progresif adalah Multiple Sclerosis dan kelainan bawaan lahir seperti Chiari malformation dan Dandy-Walker Syndrome (adanya kista bawaan di fossa posterior - ruangan tengkorak bagian belakang).

Penyakit Turunan

Banyak macam ataxia yang merupakan penyakit keturunan, diklasifikasikan berdasar letak kelainan kromosomnya, dan pola penurunannya (autosomal dominan atau autosomal resesif). Autosomal dominan adalah bila penderita tersebut membawa satu gen normal dari salah satu orangtua dan satu gen ’sakit’ dari orangtua lainnya. Disebut autosomal resesif bila pasien membawa copy dari gen ’sakit’ dari kedua orangtuanya yang menjadi manifes, karena bertemu pada diri si anak. Jenis ataxia yang paling umum adalah Friedreich’s Ataxia yang diturunkan secara resesif.

Terjadi saat usia kurang dari 25 tahun, gaya berjalan bergoyang- goyang, sering jatuh, dan canggung. Kelemahan otot sering dijumpai pada extremitas bawah lebih berat daripada extremitas atas.

Gejala yang pertama kali nampak sering berupa bicara gagap. Bola mata gagal bergerak cepat mengikuti suatu obyek yang bergerak. Tubuh terayun-ayun atau goyah dan jari tidak dapat menunjuk target secara tepat.

Penderita tersebut 90 persen mengalami gangguan pada otot jantung, berupa ukuran jantung membesar, didapat bising jantung (murmur) dan gangguan konduksi. Sebagian kecil pasien menunjukkan retardasi mental sedang dan gejala psikiatrik

Angka kematian rata-rata 35 tahun. Wanita memiliki prognosis lebih baik daripada pria. Sekitar 20 persen pasien menunujukkan Diabetes Mellitus sebab disfungsi sel beta pankreas memproduksi insulin serta adanya resistensi terhadap insulin. Deformitas pada tulang-otot berupa scoliosis (tulang belakang bentuk S), dan deformitas pada kaki. Ataxia yang diturunkan secara autosomal dominan merujuk pada SCA (Spinocerebellar Ataxia).

Seluruhnya ada 23 subtipe, namun yang paling sering didapat adalah SCA3 atau disebut juga Machado-Joseph Disease. Kedua tersering adalah SCA2. Bisa dijumpai SCA pada seseorang yang sama sekali tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga dengan penyakit tersebut yang disebabkan adanya mutasi genetik pada orang tersebut.

Pengobatan

Prinsip pengobatan terpenting adalah mengenali kemungkinan penyebab ataxia yang dapat diobati. Bila curiga adanya massa yang menekan otak kecil, harus dilakukan tindakan yang sesuai.

Paraneoplastic Syndrome yang merupakan pertanda adanya tumor di suatu bagian lain tubuh, penting untuk dikenali. Walau keadaan ini sering tidak responsif terhadap pengobatan, beberapa pasien mengalami perbaikan setelah tumornya diambil dan dilakukan imunoterapi.

Kekurangan vitamin E, karena gangguan penyerapan di usus juga bisa menyebabkan ataxia. Di samping vitamin E, vitamin B1 dan B12 juga perlu diperhatikan. Kekurangan kadar hormon gondok mudah diobati. Bila curiga syphilus, cairan otak diambil sedikit untuk diperiksa.

Efek buruk pemakaian alkohol dan obat diphenylhydantoin jangka lama terhadap cerebellum sudah lama diketahui, yaitu dapat menyebabkan ataxia. Karena itu, pemakaian ini harus dihindari pada pasien ataxia oleh sebab apa pun.

Pengobatan apa pun pada Ataxia Herediter (yang diturunkan) hasilnya kurang memuaskan. Karena itu, lebih penting melakukan family and genetic counseling dalam upaya menghindari kemungkinan munculnya penyakit ini pada generasi mendatang.

08.46 ; おにぎり'
seKolah lagi, mulaI lagi hari" yang nyebelin...
dasaR ya namanya manusia ntu pasti deh gak punya yang namanya kata puas...
waktU liburan, pengeN banget sekolaH kangeen banget.
waktu sekolah, rasanya mau bangkit dari tempat tidur, ampuun dah.... males banget...


06.29 ; おにぎり'
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